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1975 Beryllium Related Journal Articles
  1. (1975). “The lungs: what they do, what the job does to them.” Int J Occup Health Saf 44(4): 17-9, 36.

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  2. (1975). “Changes in the composition of a nickel-base partial denture casting alloy upon fusion and casting.” Aust Dent J 20(1): 14-8. Three series of tensile test pieces were produced using a nickel-base partial denture casting alloy. For the first series induction heating was employed for melting the alloy, for the second a resistance crucible, and for the third an oxy-acetylene torch. In each series the same metal was cast sequentially five times, following which samples of the alloy were subjected to a ten element quantitative analysis to ascertain compositional changes associated with the three methods of fusion.

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  3. (1975). “[Focal liver diseases--laparoscopic aspects].” Fortschr Med93(27): 1288-90. A survey of the laparoscopic findings in such important focal diseases of the liver as metastasis, tumours, cysts and abscesses is given. Among the granulomatous changes, sarcoidosis, lymphogranulomatosis, tuberculosis and reticulosis deserve special attention. Definitive differentiation is, as a rule, only possible after carrying out a histological examination. In numerous infectious diseases, small granulomatous changes can be observed in conjunction with a so-called reactive hepatitis. Industrial noxae (e.g. beryllium, asbestos, silicates, and others) can also induce granulomatosis.

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  4. Ashby, J., M. Ishidate, Jr., et al. (1975). “[Dynamic comparative study of the intraalveolar cell population after intratracheal injection of beryllium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide in the rat].” Biomedicine 23(3): 97-102. A sequential quantitative analysis of free alveolar cells was performed on S.P.F. rats after intratracheal injection of Be (OH)2 and Al (OH)3. The induced lesions were entirely restored 20 days after the initial injection. Beryllium hydroxide inhibited DNA synthesis in the free alveolar macrophages and the transeptal cellular flow could be evidenced. Aluminium hydroxide increased the number of free cells without inhibiting DNA synthesis. Quantitative variations of polymorphonuclears, lymphocytes and macrophages were correlated with changes in the alveolar environment. A strong direct correlation between the number of lymphocytes and DNA synthetizing macrophages was shown out. This reaction was not observed in beryllium treated rats.

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  5. Azzoni, C. B., E. Giroletti, et al. (1975). “Beryllium-induced misincorporation by a DNA polymerase: a possible factor in beryllium toxicity.” Biochem Biophys Res Commun 62(2): 497-501.

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  6. Basinger, M. A., J. E. Johnson, et al. (1975). “Early cellular responses to mitogens and adjuvants in the mouse spleen.” Lab Invest 32(3): 303-12. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cellular events in the spleens of mice following the intravenous injection of mitogens and adjuvants. The compounds used were concanavalin A, polyadenylic polyuridylic acid, beryllium sulfate, bacterial endotoxin, tuberculin-purified protein derivative, and dextran sulfate. Nine different strains of mice (some deficient in the C5 component of complement) received a single dose of these compounds, and their spleens were studied at sequential time intervals, ranging from 1 hour to 14 days. Concanavalin A triggered marked blast activity in the T cell zones of the splenic white pulp which was maximal at 24 hours following the injection. -3H-thymidine incorporation increased significantly, but the number of immunoglobulin-negative cells did not increase, probably because of a concomitant loss of hematopoietic cells. Polyadenylic polyuridylic acid and beryllium sulfate produced an increase in the number of lymphocytes in the T cell zones by 12 to 24 hours, but mitotic activity was unremarkable. None of the above T cell zone changes was observed in neonatally thymectomized mice. Endotoxin, purified protein derivative, and dextran sulfate produced marked B cell zone hyperplasia. Similar histologic changes were seen in the thymectomized animals. -3H-thymidine incorporation and number of immunoglobulin-positive cells were significantly increased by 24 hours. Endotoxin and dextran sulfate in some strains of mice caused marked depletion of the T cell zones. The effects of concanavalin A, endotoxin, and dextran sulfate were unrelated to the presence or absence of C5 protein. These experiments show that (1) concanavalin A, bacterial endotoxin, tuberulin-purified protein derivative, and dextran sulfate trigger in vivo the same cellular components of the immune system as they do in vitro; (2) polyadenylic polyuridylic acid and beryllium sulfate may influence the immune system by increased localization of lymphocytes in the T cell zones.

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  7. Bobrishchev Pushkin, D. M., L. A. Naumova, et al. (1975). “[Determination of the type of beryllium compound in various methods of welding].” Gig Tr Prof Zabol(2): 41-3.

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  8. Cianciara, M. J., A. P. Volkova, et al. (1975). “Acute toxicity of beryllium sulfate to salamander larvae (Ambystoma spp).” Bull Environ Contam Toxicol13(3): 307-12.

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  9. Clarke, S. M., S. M. Thurlow, et al. (1975). “The serum activity of glucose-6phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase during human pregnancy.” Enzyme 19(4): 233-43. An attempt has been made to show that the increase in enzyme activities in sera of pregnant women found with glucose- 6-phosphate and adenosine 5'-monophosphate as substrates (described as glucose-6-phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase) was due to the increase in alkaline phosphatase. The three enzyme activities has pH optima and heat stability characteristics of alkaline phosphatase. The response to the action of inhibitors and activators was typical for alkaline phosphatase. There was an identical increase in all three enzyme activities during pregnancy. As a control similar investigations were made with liver and placental tissue extracts.

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  10. Crase, K. W. and R. B. Gammage (1975). “Spectra and dosimetry related to neutron irradiations of the human body.” Phys Med Biol 20(6): 906-17. Neutron spectra at various locations in a phantom, irradiated by collimated beams of 14 MeV neutrons and neutrons from 252 Cf and Po-Be sources, were calculated using the Monte Carlo technique. These spectra give an indication of the distortion in source spectra associated with neutron irradiations of the body for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. The effect of the spectral distortions on the dose response of several activation and damage track detectors was investigated. Of the dosemeters studied, Np has a dose response most nearly independent (+/-10%) of the spectral changes.

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  11. Creba, J. A., F. Carey, et al. (1975). “Possible role of lysosomal enzymes in some pharmacological effects produced by beryllium.” Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 33(2): 205-13.

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  12. Fedotov, V. P., V. Malaia, et al. (1975). “Alkaline phosphatase isozymes of Xenopus laevis embryos and tissues.” J Exp Zool 192(2): 155-64. Alkaline phosphatase was obtained by treating embryos of Xenopus laevis with n-butanol at different developmental stages from gastrula to tadpole; the enzyme was also obtained from adult kidney, liver, and intestinal mucosa. Purification was carried out by gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme activity is chromatographically spearated into two peaks, with molecular weights of approximately 200,000 and 400,000. Alternatively, two groups may be characterized on the basis of their electrophoretic mobilities, which correspond to the different molecular weight classes. Effects of pH, temperature, inhibitors, and substrate concentration were studied. The kinetic and physical properties of the two alkaline phosphatase isozymes are similar, and are comparable to the properties reported for this enzyme from other vertebrates. Alkaline phosphatase activity increased sharply at the gastrula stage and reached a plateau at the late tailbud stage. During this period there was an 18-fold increase in activity.

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  13. Glynn, I. M. and S. J. Karlish (1975). “The sodium pump.” Annu Rev Physiol37: 13-55.

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  14. Grégoire, V., M. Beauduin, et al. (1975). “Occupational diseases of the lungs. Part II. Inhalation diseases due to inorganic dust.” Ann Allergy 35(2): 87-92.

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  15. Groth, D. H., C. Kommineni, et al. (1975). “[Toxic properties of some soluble compounds of beryllium (based on data from experimental morphological research) ].” Gig Tr Prof Zabol(7): 34-7.

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  16. Gueulette, J. and A. Wambersie (1975). “Differential effect of ATP on RNA and DNA release from nuclei of normal and neoplastic liver.” Biochem Biophys Res Commun 67(2): 706-13.

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  17. Guichard, M., J. Gueulette, et al. (1975). “Improvements in the use of ceramic BeO for TLD.” Health Phys 29(5): 739-46.

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  18. Harrison, G. H., E. B. Kubiczek, et al. (1975). “Letter: OER of neutrons from 80 MeV deuterons on beryllium.” Br J Radiol 48(569): 409-10.

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  19. Hart, B. A. and D. G. Pittman (1975). “Life-term studies in rats: effects of aluminum, barium, beryllium, and tungsten.” J Nutr 105(4): 421-7.

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  20. Hishida, M. (1975). “[Determination of riboflavin kinase activity in yeast].” Ukr Biokhim Zh 47(4): 536-41. It is established that the main reason of the riboflavin kinase (RFK, EC 2.7.1.26) low specific activity in the cell-free extracts of the yeast Pichia guillermondii Wickerham ATCC 9058 is the presence of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3. 1.3.1), effectively destructing flaven mononucleotide. By chromatography of the cell-free extracts of P. guillermondii on DEAE-Sephadex A-50, CM-Sphadex C-50, CM-cellulose, Sephadexes G-75 and G-100 RFK and alkaline phosphatase may be separated completely. Any of these procedures results in a several times increase of the RFK activity as compared with the initial preparation. One failed to obtain a similar effect by fractionation of the extracts with amminium sulphate and by hydroxylapatite chromatography. A simple method is developed for determining the activity of RFK in the cell-free extracts of yeast on the basis of negative adsorption of this enzyme on DEAE-Sephadex A-50. A selective inhibition of alkaline phosphatase by ions Be2+ and F- yields a less satisfactory result. The data are presented on the PFK activity of certain species of flavinogenic (Pichia guillermondii, Torulopsis camdida) and non-flavinogenic (Pichia ohmeri, Candida utilis, Saccharomyces cervisiae) yeast.

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  21. Husaini, Y., L. C. Rai, et al. (1975). “Potentiation of the hepatotoxic responses to chemicals in alloxan-diabetic rats.” Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 149(4): 903-7. Alloxan diabetes enhances the hepatotoxic response of male rats to chloroform and 1, 1, 2-trichloroethane, but not to trichloroethylene nor 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane. Insulin treatment partially protects the animals against the alloxan- induced enhancement of chloroform hepatotoxicity. Alloxan diabetes also enhances the hepatotoxic response to galactosamine but not to beryllium nor alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate.

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  22. Ivanova, L. A., L. S. Nikitina, et al. (1975). “[The biological action of beryllium and its compounds].” Gig Sanit(6): 56-9.

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  23. Jones, H. (1975). “[Nickel - latest fear in the dental laboratory].” Dent Labor (Munch) 23(5): 477-8.

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  24. Jones, J. M. and H. E. Amos (1975). “Contact sensitivity in vitro. II. The effect of beryllium preparations on the proliferative responses of specifically allergised lymphocytes and normal lymphocytes stimulated with PHA.” Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 48(1): 22-9. Beryllium in various physical forms was studied for its ability to induce increased 14C-thymidine incorporation by allergised guinea pig lymphocytes. No increase was observed. It was further shown that beryllium had an inhibitory effect on the response of normal lymphocytes to PHA and on the response of allergised lymphocytes to antigen. These results support the finding in other systems that beryllium can suppress DNA synthesis.

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  25. Jones, J. M. and H. E. Amos (1975). “Inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase of Sarcoma 180/TG.” Biochem Pharmacol 24(11-12): 1175-8.

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  26. Katsaros, N., E. Vrachnou Astra, et al. (1975). “Theoretical studies of metal-phosphate interactions: interaction of Li+, Na+, K+, Be++, Mg++, and Ca++ with H2PO4- and ( CH3O)2PO2-: implications for nucleic acid solvation.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 72(10): 3794-8. Model phosphate-metal solvation complexes have been studied by ab-initio self-consistent-field techniques. The complexes studied include (RO)2PO2-(R = H or CH3) with Li+, Na+, K+, Be++, Mg++, Ca++, H2O, and Cl-. The geometries of the complexes were chosen to approximate reasonable model solvation complexes for phosphate groups in a nucleic acid environment. Calculated energies of formation vary as Be++ greater than Mg++ greater than Ca++ greater than Li+ greater than Na+ greater than K+ for all isostructural complexes, consistent with experimental binding trends. These results suggest that site binding of this type can successfully account for the relative specificities of ion binding in polynucleotides and other phosphate-containing molecules.

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  27. Kern, M. and V. P. Thompson (1975). “The etiology of osteosarcoma. A review of current considerations.” Clin Orthop(111): 14-22. Various agents have caused osteosarcoma in several experimental animal systems. These agents or initiators may be classified as chemicals, radiation, viruses, and miscellaneous. Zinc beryllium silicate with beryllium oxide in rabbits and FBJ virus in mice are two such initiating agents. The relevance of these animal experiments to the human situation is not known, but recent reports regarding a transmissible agent obtained from human osteosarcoma tissue suggest that a virus may be implicated. There is a theoretic indication that the various etiologic agents, including viruses, may affect the DNA of normal cells in such a way that further evolution and differentiation through several cell divisions may result in the clinical appearance of cancer.

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  28. Kharlamova, S. F. and I. V. Pavlova (1975). “Biliary excretion of 7Be and its distribution after intravenous administration of 7BeCl2 in rats.” Arch Toxicol 34(1): 53-60. Wistar female rats were given two i.v. doses of 7BeCl2 (dose A = 0.025 mg Be2+/kg b.w.; dose B = 0.25 mg Be2+/ kg b.w.). The rats were decapitated at 5, 24, and 48 hrs after administration. The kinetics of 7Be bile excretion during the 5 hrs after administration, as well as 7Be retention in selected organs and the urine and stool excretion of beryllium were investigated. Significant differences between the effect of both doses were found particularly in the shape of biliary excretion curves of 7Be. Unproportionally higher 7Be blood levels after a higher dose persisted for a longer period of time. The decrease of 7Be in blood after a higher dose between the 5th and 24th hr after the administration was accompanied by an increased content of 7Be in the liver and spleen as well as by an increased urine excretion. The results obtained tend to prove that the reticuloendothelial system mainly participated in beryllium retention. Urine represents the main excretion route of beryllium after a parenteral administration.

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  29. Kniazhev, V. A., N. M. Umnikova, et al. (1975). “Toxicology of high-fired beryllium oxide inhaled by rodents. II. Metabolism and early effects.” Arch Environ Health 30(11): 546-51. Several groups of male and female rats and hamsters were exposed by inhalation to an aerosol of BeO particles calcined at 1000 C. Initial alveolar depositions ranged from 12 mug to 160mug Be. The alveolar retention half-life for BeO was approximately six months. Only the pulmonary lymph nodes accumulated detectable amounts of translocated BeO. Early alterations were seen in the alveolar macrophages, which were subsequently converted to histiocytic cells that accumulated in subpleural and peribronchiolar granulomatous lesions within eight months after the exposure. The alveolar clearance of a test aerosol, radioactive plutonium dioxide (239PuO2), was decreased to 60% of the normal rate when the radioactive material was given at 1, 30, or 60 days after exposure to BeO. These results demonstrate the important function of the alveolar macrophage in Be-induced granulomatous disease, as well as the rapid impairment of alveolar macrophage function by phagocytized BeO.

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  30. Kreiss, K., L. S. Newman, et al. (1975). “The compensation experience of patients with chronic beryllium disease.” J Occup Med 17(3): 167-70. The experience of patients with chronic beryllium disease seeking workmen's compensation indicates that the system does not meet its intentions of providing for relief of workers for job-related illness. In the instance of beryllium disease there is undue delay in adjudication of the compensation. This delay has its origin in part from litigation over the diagnosis and disability on the part of private insurers and in part on failure of the IAB to press for findings. Moreover, the process of litigation and delay may produce significant psychological distress. For others the compensation for a chronic disability is inadequate. Whether compensation acts as a system of relief depends on whether the patient has a working husband or wife. Among the women here with beryllium disease, the system worked only to the extent that they could rely on their husbands. Compensation benefits should be provided in accord with rises in the cost of living index. Compensation boards should press for prompt settlement of claims.

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  31. Kreiss, K., S. Wasserman, et al. (1975). “Deposition, retention and internal distribution of 155Eu, 144Ce, 125Sb, 106Ru, 95Zr, 54Mn and 7Be in the reindeer lichen Cladonia alpestris, 1961-1970.” Health Phys 29(1): 27-41.

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  32. Kuchnir, F. T., C. J. Vyborny, et al. (1975). “A new method for determining the neutron response function of "neutron insensitive" dosimeters. Method and preliminary determinations.” Radiology 116(1): 217-9. Charged-particle bombardment of thick beryllium targets produces a neutron yield varying with angle, and an isotropic gamma component. Differences in detector response in such a field are due to neutrons alone. With accurate neutron spectral distributions and measurements of detector response, a computer code can be used to determine the neutron sensitivity of the detector as a function of energy.

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  33. Kühne, W., W. Ahlendorf, et al. (1975). “[Chronic berylliosis of the lungs with special regard of pathomorphology (author's transl)].” Z Erkr Atmungsorgane 143(3): 263-9. The course of the disease of a berylliosis of the lungs is described with a patient, who had been working with berylliumoxide in the laboratory of a porcelain factory for about 21 months between his 16th and 20th year of life. At the age of 22 berylliosis was diagnosed radiologically and recognized as a occupational disease. At 32 years of age the patient died from the sequences of berylliosis. In this case-study the particular damages due to berylliosis are discussed depending on the different beryllium compounds. The chronic berylliosis of the lungs is pointed out in a pathologically anatomical way. It is supposed that an allergic reaction of the organism is reponsible for the pathogenesis. Special demands in the field of industrial medicine are resulting from the course of the disease.

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  34. Lee, M. H., Y. M. Huang, et al. (1975). “Metal concentrations in the sewage, effluents, and sludges of some southern Ontario wastewater treatment plants.” Environ Lett 9(1): 75-90. Aluminum, barium, berylliu, bismuth, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, silver, strontium, vanadium and zinc concentrations in the sewage, effluents and sludges of ten southern Ontario wastewater treatment plants are reported. The efficiency for metal removal by a conventional activated sludge plant was determined. The effect of metal concentrations in receiving waters from residual metals in sewage effluents is discussed. The environmental hazards of disposing of sewage sludges with high metal content on agricultural land is considered.

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  35. Levy, S. A. (1975). “[Pulmonary berylliosis].” Rev Ig Bacteriol Virusol Parazitol Epidemiol Pneumoftiziol Pneumoftiziol 24(2): 73-8.

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  36. Lewis, A. J. (1975). “Purification and properties of phosphoglucomutase from Fleischmann's yeast.” Eur J Biochem 57(1): 115-26. 1. A procedure has been described for the purification of the major isozyme of yeast phosphoglucomutase of highest known specific activity. 2. The native enzyme has a molecular weight of about 65400 and was found to be homogeneous as judged by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, gel filtration, electrophoresis on acrylamide gel and ultracentrifugal analysis. In the presence of denaturing agents such as guanidine hydrochloride or sodium dodecyl sulfate, the enzyme dissociated into 32000-molecular-weight subunits. 3. As isolated, the enzyme has one mole of phosphate bound per mole of enzyme. Preparations incubated with 1.0 mM EDTA in 10 mM citrate buffer, pH 5.5 and dialysed against 10 mM metal-free citrate buffer, pH 5.5, contain no intrinsically bound Zn2+ and were enzymically inactive but fully active in the presence of 5 mM Mg2+ and 84% as active with 0.5 mM Zn2+. Simultaneous presence of both ions at these concentrations did not enhance activity. Enzyme was completely and irreversibly inactivated by preincubation with Be2+. Inactive enzyme had one mole of Be2+ bound per mole of enzyme. 4. Enzyme exhibited "ping-pong" kinetics rather than "random sequential" . Km values for glucose 1-phosphate and for glucose 1,6- bisphosphate were calculated to be 2.34 times 10(-5) M and 2.24 times 10(-6) M, respectively. Rate of enzyme phosphate turnover was studied with rapid-mixing technique. The rates of 32P release from 32P-labeled enzyme and its appearance as glucose 6-[32P]phosphate were comparable and remained unaffected by addition of glucose 1,6-bisphosphate.

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  37. Ling, N. and W. L. Epstein (1975). “Comparative study of proteins extracted form metal-induced allergic and foreign body granulomas in man.” Lab Invest 32(6): 706-12. In order to characterize proteins unique to organized epitheloid cells, proteins havebeen sequentially extracted form both foreign body and allergic granulomas in man at varoius times after intradermal injection of beryllium oxide suspension. Treitium-labeled l-tyrosine was injected intralesionally 2 weeks before excision of granulomas. Prolongedextraction with 8 m urea yeilded increases amounts of radioactivie protein form older (8-to 26-week) allergic granulomas but not from 4-to6-week-old or foreign body granulomas (consisting of mononuclear cells and phagocytes). Sephadex G-200 column chromatographyand sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the urea extractsfrom 8-week and older allergic granulomas revealed distinct readioactive protein peaks with molecular weights of approximately 172, 000 to 208,000. Antisera raised to one of these proteins gave a precipitin line in agar gel diffusion with lines of identity againsturea extracts of several allergic granulomas but not against similiar extracts of foreignbody granulomas. The results suggest synthesis of distinctive high molecular weight proteins in allergic granulomas which may serve as "markers" for organized epitheloid cell granulomas as they transform from mononuclear cells.

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  38. Litvinov, N. N., P. F. Bugryshev, et al. (1975). “[Correlation between occurrence of chronic berylliosis and tuberculin sensitivity-health care in the beryllium factory (16)].” Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi 30(1): 151.

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  39. Lockwood, T. H. and L. P. Limtiaco (1975). “Determination of beryllium, cadmium, and tellurium in animal tissues using electronically excited oxygen and atomic absorption spectrophotometry.” Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 36(1): 57-62. A method using electronically excited oxygen for destruction of organic matter and atomic absorption spectrophotometry for the determination of beryllium, cadmium and tellurium in animal tissues is presented. Samples are solubilized in dilute aqua regia after being subjected to an oxygen plasma, low-temperature (less than 190 degrees C) ashing system for 20 to 30 hours. Recovery data from spiked NBS freeze-dried bovine liver indicate a quantitative determination for the three elements. Limits of detection in micrograms of element per milliliter of solubilized sample solution are: beryllium, 0.05; cadmium 0.05; and tellurium, 0.50. Beryllium, cadmium, and tellurium assay data are reported for the fresh tissues of albino rats exposed to inorganic chemicals by oral or intraperitoneal routes. The tissues analyzed include: adrenal, brain, femur, heart, kidney, liver, lung, mesenteric lymph node, pancreas, prostate, seminal vesicle, spleen, testicle, and tracheal-bronchial lymph node.

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  40. MacCordick, J., J. M. Hornsperger, et al. (1975). “[Effect of a beryllium complex on growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens (types R and S). II. Competition with magnesium].” C R Seances Soc Biol Fil 169(2): 421-5. A study of the inhibitory action of beryllium on the growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens reveals that the observed effect can be partly explained by competition between beryllium and magnesium in various processes which are indispensable to cellular metabolism. In addition, an "adaptation" phenomenon is observed which appears to be based on the selection of cells which are more highly resistant towards the inhibitor.

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  41. Marshall, A. T., D. Carde, et al. (1975). “[Protein makeup of the lung cell nuclei of rats under the action of beryllium].” Farmakol Toksikol38(2): 220-2. A study into the protein composition of cellular nuclei of the rats lungs under the effect of beryllium disclosed a disturbed proportion of individual nuclear protein fractions manifesting itself in the falling level of the globulin fraction and in the increased, content of the other proteinic components of the nucleus, viz. desoxyribonucleoproteinic, fractions of the acid and, especially, "residual" protein.

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  42. Maruta, S., G. D. Henry, et al. (1975). “[Evaluation of delayed hypersensitivity in berylliosis by the leukocyte migration inhibition test].” Gig Tr Prof Zabol(8): 34-6.

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  43. Mathur, R., S. Mathur, et al. (1975). “[Experimental production of bone sarcomas in the rabbit by a single local injection of beryllium].” Bull Cancer 62(1): 49-58. The local intra-osseous injection of double zinc beryllium silicate into the tibial or femoral epiphysis of a rabbit causes an osteogenic sarcoma in 70 p. 100 of cases. These experimental conditions make it possible to reveal early non specific radiological alterations, later on secondary alterations corresponding to the development of the sarcoma and finally to follow the spontaneous evolution of the tumor. Moreover, this experimental process of induction of an osteogenic sarcoma by means of a local intra-osseous injection is vastly better than an intra-venous injection which causes straight-away multiple visceral lesions.

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  44. Moatamed, F., M. J. Karnovsky, et al. (1975). “Factors affecting airborne beryllium concentrations in dental spaces.” J Prosthet Dent 33(2): 210-5. Air sampling for beryllium concentrations produced during finishing procedures for a beryllium-containing alloy was conducted in two rooms with capacities of 700 and 10,000 cubic feet. The clearance rate of beryllium in the air and the effect of ventilation and room size on these concentrations were investigated. With local lathe ventilation, no beryllium was found. Without local lathe ventilation, mean 10 minutes concentrations of about 23 mug per cubic meter were found at the breathing zone of the lathe operator in both rooms. At 4 and 8 feet from the breathing zone, sizable concentrations of beryllium above the maximum acceptable standard were found only in the small room. These levels decreased to zero 10 minutes after completion of the finishing and polishing procedure. It was concluded that there was little hazard to dental personnel when local lathe ventilation was used; however, our finding of high concentrations of beryllium in the air when lathe ventilation was not used indicates that continued vigilance must be maintained.

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  45. Mountford, P. J. (1975). “Organometallic compounds studied by gas-phase electron diffraction.” Top Curr Chem(53): 1-23.

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  46. Oliver, B. G. and E. G. Cosgrove (1975). “Granulomas in nasal polyps.” J Laryngol Otol 89(11): 1087-94. Three specimens of simple nasal polyps which were examined in a routine histopathology laboratory contained tubereuloid granulomas. One of these patients was found to have systemic sarcoidosis. The other two continue to be asymptomatic and in one of these rupture of cystic nasal mucous glands with the liberation of epithelial mucin into the stroma appears to have excited the granulomatous reaction. The causation, investigation and significance of granulomas at this site are discussed.

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  47. Oliver Jr, G. D., W. H. Grant 3rd, et al. (1975). “Radiation quality of fields produced by 16, 30, and 50- meV deuertons on beryllium.” Radiat Res 61(3): 366-73.

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  48. Parnell, C. J., B. C. Page, et al. (1975). “Fast neutrons produced by bombarding a beryllium target with 40 MeV helium-3 ions.” Phys Med Biol 20(1): 125-7.

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  49. Phan, B. C., L. D. Faller, et al. (1975). “Adsorption of DNA molecules to different support films.” J Microsc 104(2): 187-98. Protein-free adsorption of the DNA of the Escherichia coli bacteriophage T7 to carbon, collodion, aluminium-beryllium and aluminium films was studied. It was found that the appearance of DNA strands depended greatly upon the kind of support film used. Direct adsorption of DNA to aluminium- beryllium or aluminium films yielded specimens with 'thin and long' and 'thick and short' regions along the strand. Well extended, uncoiled and unaggregated DNA molecules were obtained only when DNA was adsorbed to carbon, collodion or mica in the presence of intercalating dyes such as ethidium bromide. Adsorption properties of the different films are well correlated with their surface charge. Aluminium-beryllium films carry a strong positive surface charge, aluminium films a weak positive charge and carbon films a weak negative charge. It is suggested that for the preparation of specimens by spontaneous adsorption of well extended and unaggregated strands it is necessary that the DNA molecule is stiffened by a ligand such as an intercalating dye, and that the charge on the surface of the support film is opposite to the charge of the macromolecule.

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  50. Rao, D. V., V. R. Narra, et al. (1975). “Role of trace elements in cancer.” Cancer Res 35(11 Pt. 2): 3481-7. The review considers trace elements including fluorine, copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt, chromium, selenium, molybdenum, tin, vanadium, silicon, and nickel from the standpoint of their role as either inhibitory or causative agents of cancer and also the possible use of their assay in biological fluids as diagnostic or prognostic aids in patients with cancer.

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  51. Shima, S., Y. Kato, et al. (1975). “[Determination of beryllium in fossils and soil].” Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi 30(1): 99.

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  52. Stoeckle, J. D., H. L. Hardy, et al. (1975). “[Effect of a beryllium complex on growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens (types R and S). I. Influence on the lag phase].” C R Seances Soc Biol Fil 169(2): 415-21. The toxicity of beryllium for Pseudomonas fluorescens is studied with the aid of an anionic complex of the element which is stable in peptone medium at pH 6 during the period of investigation. The toxic effect is characterized by an increase in the lag phase which is proportional to the square of the beryllium concentration. Further, a process of progressive adaptation is observed when the concentration of the beryllium complex is gradually increased.

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  53. Stupfel, M. and M. Mordelet Dambrine (1975). “Identification of carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic substances in the environment.” Environ Qual Saf 4: 200-25.

    54.  
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  55. Thomson, L. F., A. R. Smith, et al. (1975). “The response of a human malignant melanoma cell line to high LET radiation.” Radiology 117(1): 155-8. The response of a human malignant melanoma cell line in vitro to high linear energy transfer radiation was studied utilizing the neutrons produced by the reaction of 16 and 50 MeV deuterons on beryllium. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) relative to cobalt-60 gamma radiation was determined under conditions of complete oxygenation. The data indicate that the radioresistance ascribed to malignant melanoma in vivo is not an intrinsic quality of the cell but rather may be mediated by the in vivo environment.

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